divine witnesses. This places the gods of both parties side by side. Thus, this statement includes an implicit warning against joining with other nations in treaties and thereby implicitly recognizing their deities on a par with the God of Israel. These elements occur in the same sequence in the structure of Joshua 24, although only a small trace of the blessing is preserved. Joshua’s Covenant Renewal (24:1–28) Joshua assembled all the tribes of Israel at Shechem (24:1). The earlier covenant ceremony